The trackside acoustic detection systems are usually located on the sides of the railway, which causes high speed motion between the train and the acoustic acquisition device relatively. As a result, the collected sound source signals are interfered by severe Doppler distortion, which brings great challenges to the acoustic detection of train running components. Aiming at this problem, a short-period Doppler correction method based on center time was proposed. First, the distortion at the center time of the acoustic signal was obtained according to the Morse acoustic theory. Then, the optimal center time was obtained by matching the time-frequency curve of the distortion signal and the original signal. Finally, the received acoustic signal was corrected based on the optimal center time point, and the effectiveness and correctness of the method were verified through simulation and experiment.