There are both import pratical value and scientific research significance of monitoring the global terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) by satellite gravity technology. Based on the GRACE time-varying gravitational field model, this paper obtains the TWSC of global typical river basins from 2002 to 2020, and discusses the influence of climate and human factors on the regional TWSC. The research results show that the TWSC in similar geographic regions have similar cycles and amplitudes, while the TWSC of adjacent watersheds located in the northern and southern hemispheres present opposite periodic signals. The TWSC in the Murray-Darling Basin is affected by precipitation and evaporation, while the Indus-Ganga River Basin has been declining due to excessive groundwater extraction. The correlation between GARCE and GLDAS acquired water storage changes in the Amazon basin reached 0.86. At the same time, it was found that GRACE has a unique advantage in detecting regional drought events.