In order to find out the wheel rail rolling contact behavior of the train under traction and braking conditions, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the research on wheel rail damage mechanism in the future, taking CRH2-300 EMU wheel-rail as the research object, the wheel-rail contact mechanical behavior based on traction and braking performance adhesion coefficient model is studied by finiteelement simulation. The results show that the friction coefficient based on empirical model is significantly greater than that based on traction and braking model and Shinkansen model. The friction coefficient of Shinkansen model is close to that based on traction braking performance model. Under the traction condition, the tangential force image shows the form of two-point contact, and the point contact tangential force at the front end along the running direction is significantly greater than that at the rear end of the running direction. Under the braking condition, the tangential force is a single point contact at the beginning and then be a two-point contact. At the wheel rail contact point, the shear stress of the wheel S23 is in a circular arc shape, and the circular arc trend is consistent with the direction of the wheel angular velocity. The circular arc trend of the shear stress of the rail and the wheel S23 is symmetrical.