In recent years, a new bioelectrochemical system, constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC), has been formed by coupling constructed wetland (CW) with microbial fuel cell (MFC), and its reaction principle, composition structure and factors affecting the operation of the system have been extensively studied. Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) has the advantages of both constructed wetland and microbial fuel cell, especially its ability to degrade pollutants and the biological power generation performance of MFC. This paper summarizes the functional characteristics and application of electrodes, introduces the influence of different electrode materials on pollutant degradation and power generation efficiency in wastewater treatment, analyzes the problems existing in the application of electrodes, and finally puts forward prospects for their future research directions.