On water-covered or icy and snowy curved slope roads, vehicles are prone to skidding and losing control during braking, which is a critical traffic safety issue that needs to be addressed in rainy and cold regions. The characteristics of tire-road adhesion consumption under low-friction conditions on such roads were first analyzed. Based on the analysis of tire-road adhesion consumption characteristics on low-friction curved slope roads, a dynamic model is developed by integrating geometric parameters of road alignment (horizontal, vertical, and cross-sectional), pavement friction coefficient, tire rolling resistance, and aerodynamic drag to establish the relationship between vehicle speed and maximum achievable deceleration. By incorporating the vehicle braking slip ratio, a minimum braking distance prediction model suitable for low-adhesion curved slope roads is proposed, and the model is validated through vehicle dynamics simulation experiments. The research provides a reference for optimizing the following speed and braking deceleration control of autonomous vehicles on low-adhesion curved slope roads, and also offers a basis for vehicle following safety assessment and risk warning in interchange ramps under adverse weather conditions such as rain and snow.