With the rapid development of software and hardware construction of railway logistics, big data and internet of things have been widely applied in railway logistics. The research of intelligent railway logistics sys- tem based on cloud computing, artificial intelligence and real-time online monitoring technology has become a hot topic. With the shortcomings of some railway intelligent logistics systems and design schemes, which is in lack of security authentication and data integrity protection in the process of information exchange, this paper proposed an efficient short signature scheme. Then, it designed a real-time logistics tracking protocol for railway based on the signature scheme. Finally, the protocol interaction of the signature scheme was simulated. The re- sults show that the signature scheme has the advantages of less computation, higher efficiency and less protocol interaction, which can effectively solve the problems of data integrity protection and reliable authentication of re- al-time logistics information.