Shield tunnel of Shaoxing Metro Line 1 has the design features of large diameter and thick section. Considering the different sections of elastic rubber and composite rubber gasket, the single -row -hole, multi-row-hole and composite types of gaskets are designed. The applicable optimal waterproofing scheme is obtained by finite element analysis, “one” seam water pressure resistance test and compression test. The FEM results show that the maximum contact stress and average contact stress of the single-row hole gasket are the largest, which indicates that its water-proof ability is better. The water resistance test results suggest that the water pressure resistance decreases with the increase of joint opening, and the waterproof capacity of the single-row hole gasket is optimal. The compression test results show that the compression force of the gasket increases slowly first and then increases rapidly, and the assembling of the single-row-hole and the composite gasket is easier. According to the numerical simulation results and test results, single-row-hole type elastic rubber gasket is selected as the joint waterproofing scheme.