Transportation plays a key role in regional economic development, which facilitates the communication and exchange between people, people and cities, cities and cities, and affects the development, transformation and upgrading of regional economy. Due to its advantages of fast speed, convenience, safety and comfort, the high -speed railway has a significant impact on the regional economy. For large and extra -large cities, high-speed railways help optimize the urban industrial structure, balance regional economic development, and drive economic growth, which aids cities to develop radiation effects with their local characteristic economy and regional advantages. For small and medium-sized cities, high-speed railway may bring some negative effects such as the siphon effect. Through the classification and analysis of the opinions and achievements from various documents, this paper summarizes the impacts of high-speed railway on regional economic development in terms of ecological economy, regional accessibility, regional industry and regional effects.