Based on the overhaul operation of CRTSI slab replacement by rail lining of Shanghai-Nanjing intercity passenger dedicated line, a three dimensional finite element model of the high-speed railway rail-fastening coupled systemis established. The validity of the modelwas verified by comparing the simulation results with the field measured data, and the model was used to investigate and analyze the influence of the temperature difference between the constructed rail and the locked rail on the stress and deformation of the rails in the straight segment and the curved segment with a radius of 7000m. According to the temperature difference-stress variation obtained from the model analysis, based on the rail allowable stress limit of 377.78 MPa, in the straight segments, the temperature difference between the construction rail and the locked rail should be in the range of-33.46~43.95 °C, in the curved segments, temperature differenceshould be in the range of -23.35~42.78 °C of inner railand -25.69~39.08 °C of outer rail.