The residual stress of aluminium-based composite coating by laser cladding was simulated by the finite element method with ANSYS. The finite element model of composite coating was established. The effects of the in-situ Al-Fe-Si content in the Al matrix coatings by laser cladding on the temperature field and residual stress was discussed systematically. The results show that the temperature along Z-axis increases gradually with the increase of the in-situ Al-Fe-Si content, and the amplitude of temperature rising gradually decreases with itsbeing closer to substrate. However, the X-direction stress and Von Mises stress on the coating surface first decreases and then increases, and the Y-direction stress on the coating surface gradually decreases, while, the shear stress at the interface changes little. Therefore, when the in-situ Al-Fe-Si content by laser cladding is about 0.4, the residual stress of aluminium-based composite coating is the minimum.