The horizontal connections of the existing precast hollow slab bridges are prone to hinge joint damagedue to the design, construction, and operation environment. To study the influence of hinge damage on the structural performance, the statistical analysis on three damage types, including damage position, length, and extent,was studied based on the field inspection results of hinge damage of precast hollow slab bridges. Using the grillage method, a series of finite element models of precast hollow slab bridges were established to study and analyze the influence on the structural performance with various damage conditions. The research results show that:① The closer the damage position is to the middle span, the greater the influence on structural forces. ② Withthe increment of damage length, the bending moments of the middle slab increase linearly with the unilateralhinge damage condition under live load. The side slab with unilateral hinge damage and middle slab with bilateralhinge damage will result in the single slab bearing, and the critical damage length is 0.6L and 0.7L respectively.③ The change of slab’s moment and deflection is small when the damage length or depth is small under liveload. And the bending moment and deflection increase greatly under live load when the damage length and depthare both large. ④ Under the single slab bearing condition, the bending bearing capacity of the middle slab ofstandard 20 m length does not meet the code requirements, and neither the bending bearing capacity nor thecrack check meets the code requirements. The research results can give useful suggestions for the safety assessment and maintenance of precast hollow slab bridges with hinge joints damage.