To further study the issue of railway vibration and noise in the railway operation and maintenance，the elastic wave propagation characteristics of the multiple equal pan rail，bridge，and tunnel，as well as vibration and noise reduction control of noise barriers and periodic vibration isolation，have been researched by domestic and foreign scholars based on phononic crystal theory. By introducing the band gap control mechanism of phononic crystal and summarizing the research theory on vibration and noise reduction in the periodic track， bridges and tunnels based on phononic crystal in recent years，this paper reviews the vibration control methods of periodic structure，phononic crystal noise barrier and vibration isolation. The future theoretical research suggestions and prospects are finally presented.