Epoxy resin is a kind of plugging material used in the joints of shield tunnels, which has broad application prospects. The systematic analysis of the influencing factors and change rules of its mechanical properties can provide guidance for the design and construction of the joints of the tunnels, thus improving the waterproof capacity and extending the life of shield tunnels. In this paper, the stress analysis of epoxy resin material is carried out through experiments and numerical simulations, and the influence of related factors on its mechanical state is explored. The conclusion is drawn as follows: ① The bonding strength of epoxy resin: dry adhesion＞ wet surface adhesion＞ complete; in the underwater environment, the bond strength is relatively high under dry and wet surface conditions, and the difference is not much, but the degree of decline is more obvious in the completely underwater environment. ② As the bonding thickness increases, the bonding strength of epoxy resin decreases, the unevenness of the bonding surface stress increases, and it is easy to cause damage at the end. ③ The low modulus epoxy resin material has strong ductility, which can reduce the peak stress and better resist the deformation of the pipe joints. ④ As the displacement of the tube segment increases, the stress on the epoxy resin bonding surface also increases. The opening amount of the tube segment mainly affects the stress value, and the amount of misalignment of the tube segment mainly affects the uniformity of the stress distribution. ⑤ The greater the water pressure is, the greater the stress value of the epoxy resin bonding surface is.