In the field of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), Hough transform was introduced to realize the automatic identification of Kikuchi bands in EBSD patterns by means of computer, and EBSD technique has been developed into an important means to characterize orientation of crystalline materials. Since the speed of Hough transform is much slower than the moving speed of electron beam in scanning electron microscope, how to carry out Hough transform quickly has become a key problem that needs to be solved urgently in the whole EBSD field. In the present work, central processing unit (CPU) and compute unified device architecture (CUDA) were used to perform Hough transform on EBSD patterns, respectively, and the time consumption and recognition results were compared. The results show that the fastest recognition speed of Kikuchi bands is 1.7×10³ EBSD patterns per second for CPU. Under the same conditions, CUDA can process 1.7×10⁴ EBSD patterns per second, which is far faster than the fastest recognition speed of CPU. More importantly, Hough transform based on CUDA does not affect the identify results of Kikuchi bands in EBSD patterns. As a result, Hough transform based on CUDA technique will become a trend for fast identification of Kikuchi bands from EBSD patterns.