Self-healing material is usually used as a mechanical component, which not only needs to consider the topological optimization of the macro-configuration of the structure, but also the influence of the size and distribution of self-healing agent carrier microcapsules on the mechanical properties and healing effect of self-healing material. Therefore, the collaborative optimization of structural macroscopic configuration and internal microcapsules is of great significance. Based on movable morphable component, using structural compliance as the objective function, the material area as constraint condition, a two-dimensional mathematical model with built-in microcapsules component was established. Based on the method of moving asymptote (MMA), collaborative optimization design method of self-healing materials was given, and compared with the classic self-healing materials, the superiority of collaborative optimization was verified. The results show that: The configuration of two self-healing materials is similar; The structural compliance of the two kinds of self-healing materials increases with the increase of microcapsule volume fraction, and the mechanical properties deteriorated to different degrees; Compared with the classical self -healing materials, the collaborative optimized self -healing materials showed more excellent mechanical properties with the increase of volume fraction. When the volume fraction is close to 14%, the compliance of the collaborative optimized self-healing materials is only 66.1% of that of the classical self-healing materials.