The finite element approach is used to create an embedded track finite element model in order to investigate the applicability of embedded track in heavy-haul railway. From the perspective of rail stress, rail displacement, and track slab displacement, the influence of truck axle load on the stress and deformation of embedded track structure are studied, and the existing embedded track structure is adjusted. According to the findings, the truck axle load has a substantial impact on the stress at the head of the rail, the stress at the bottom of the rail, and the lateral and vertical displacement of the rail. Among them, rail head stress and rail lateral displacement all exceed the regulatory requirements, but have no effect on track slab displacement. Following the replacement of 60 kg/m rail with 75 kg/m rail, the stress in the rail head was significantly reduced, but the transverse displacement of the rail still exceeded the limit value. On this basis, as the elastic modulus of filling materials increases, the stress and displacement of rails are greatly decreased, and they are all within the code limitations. It is advised that the elastic modulus of filler materials be 400 MPa.