The study investigates the elastic shear buckling performance of corrugated steel webs with variable thickness, taking the 1000-type variable thickness corrugated steel webs as the main research object. A numerical analysis model under pure shear stress state is established using ANSYS finite element software for shear buckling analysis, and the influence of height-to-thickness ratio, length-to-thickness ratio, corrugation angle, and type on its elastic shear buckling performance is investigated. The results indicate that when the height and length of the web are fixed, the shear buckling load of the variable thickness corrugated steel webs increases by nearly 4% compared to the equal thickness corrugated steel webs; the shear buckling load of the variable thickness corrugated steel webs decreases with the increase of height-to-thickness ratio and length-to-thickness ratio, and the decreased amplitude of the shear buckling load increases when the height-to-thickness ratio is greater than 263 or the length-to-thickness ratio is greater than 636; the shear buckling load of the variable thickness corrugated steel webs increases with the increase of the fold angle; compared with equal thickness corrugated steel webs, different types of variable thickness corrugated steel webs all have improved shear buckling loads, among which the 1000 type variable thickness corrugated steel webs has the largest increase in shear buckling load. When the design value of the height-to-thickness ratio of the webs is less than 263, or the design value of the length-to-thickness ratio is less than 636, the elastic shear buckling performance of the variable thickness corrugated steel webs is better than that of the constant thickness corrugated steel webs.