To study the temperature field distribution and structural damage characteristics of hollow slab channel bridges under oil pool fire scenarios, FDS was used to analyze the temperature field distribution at the bottom of hollow slab channel bridge under different oil pool fire scenarios. ABAQUS was used to conduct heat conduction analysis on the most unfavorable hollow slab girder in all fire scenarios, and the internal temperature field of the girder was obtained. Finally, based on the equivalence principle of cross sectional virtual layer due to the reduction of the strength, the fire damage degree was calculated. The results showed that the smaller the span of hollow slab channel bridge, the larger the bridge vertical clearance and the larger the area of the oil pool, the higher the temperature at the girder bottom.The influence of girder bottom width on temperature field of girder bottom is not significant. When the wind speed is small, the maximum temperature at the girder bottom will increase, but when the wind speed is too large, the flame will be blown out of the channel bridge, resulting in lower temperature at the girder bottom. Meanwhile, according to the damage data of steel strands, steel bars and concrete virtual layers, the prediction formula of flexural capacity retention rate of hollow slab girder under oil pool fire is established in stages. The research results can provide reference for the post-disaster assessment, formulation of plans to reinforcement and repair, and fire prevention measures research of the channel bridges.