SiC_p/Al composites demonstrate substantial potential for applications prospects in aerospace, rail transportation and other industries, owing to their low density, high specific strength, high specific modulus, excellent wear resistance and superior high-temperature performance. However, the significant disparities in physical and chemical properties between the reinforcing SiC phase and the Al matrix result in poor weldability, which severely hinders their adoption in engineering contexts. Laser welding has emerged as a highly promising joining technique for SiC_p/Al composites due to its benefits of high energy density, minimal heat-affected zones and precise processing control. This paper reviews the research progress in laser welding technology for SiC_p/Al composite materials, explores the main challenges it faces, summarizes the existing process optimization strategies, and focuses on analyzing the interface reaction mechanism of the weld seam, methods for interface structure control, and their impact on weld seam performance. It also elaborates on the related strengthening mechanisms. Finally, based on an analysis of the current research deficiencies and challenges, it prospects for future research directions, aiming to provide reference for the in-depth research and engineering application of this technology.