施工扬尘空间扩散影响因素数值模拟研究
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华东交通大学土木建筑学院

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国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFE012159);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978263);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ210643);江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目(GL21225)


Numerical simulation study on the factors influencing the spatial dispersion of construction dust
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    摘要:

    围挡高度和来流风速是影响施工扬尘空间扩散的主要因素。以北京市某工地为例,选取某个时期的施工扬尘数据进行数值模拟,并与工地实测扬尘浓度数据进行对比验证。通过分析工地施工期间的气象风速资料,选取2 m·s-1、3 m·s-1、4 m·s-1、5 m·s-1、7 m·s-1和9 m·s-1共6种指数律剖面来流风速,以及1.8 m、2.0 m、2.2 m、2.5 m、2.8 m和3.0 m共6种围挡高度,进行施工扬尘空间扩散的数值模拟,对比分析不同围挡高度和来流风速下施工扬尘的空间分布与扩散特性。为综合评估施工扬尘对人体及外界环境的影响,提出将呼吸高度0.5 m~1.5 m范围内的平均扬尘排放率和扬尘的逃逸比作为评估指标。结果表明:6种来流风速下,3.0 m围挡高度的平均扬尘排放率指标整体最低,扬尘污染对人体的危害最小;相同风速下,6种围挡高度的扬尘逃逸比基本一致,对外界环境的影响程度相同;来流风速为3 m·s-1时,施工扬尘对人体的危害最大;来流风速为5 m·s-1时,施工扬尘对外界环境的危害最大。本研究结果可为施工扬尘污染控制措施的制定提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    The fence height and incoming wind velocity are the main factors affecting the spatial dispersion of construction dust. Taking a construction site in Beijing as an example, the construction dust data of a certain period is selected for CFD simulation, and the results are compared with the actual measured dust concentration data of the site for verification. By analyzing the meteorological wind velocity data during the construction period of the site, 6 kinds of incoming wind velocities of 2 m·s-1, 3 m·s-1, 4 m·s-1, 5 m·s-1, 7 m·s-1 and 9 m·s-1 with exponential law are selected, and 6 kinds of fence heights of 1.8 m, 2.0 m, 2.2 m, 2.5 m, 2.8 m and 3.0 m are chosen. The CFD simulations are conducted to compare and analyze the spatial distribution and dispersion characteristics of construction dust under different fence heights and incoming wind velocities. In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact of construction dust on the human body and external environment, the averaged dust emission rate in the range of breathing height 0.5 m~1.5 m and the dust fugitive ratio are proposed as evaluation indexes. The results show that the averaged dust emission rate of 3.0 m fence height has the lowest overall index at the six incoming wind velocities, indicating that dust pollution has the least harm to the human body. The dust fugitive ratios of the six fence heights under the same incoming wind velocity are almost the same, which indicates that the impacts on the external environment are almost the same. The impacts of the construction dust on the human body and the external environment are the most serious when the incoming wind velocity is 3 m·s-1 and 5 m·s-1, respectively. The results of this research can provide a scientific basis for the development of control measures on construction dust pollution.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-16
  • 最后修改日期:2022-01-13
  • 录用日期:2022-01-13
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-11-04
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