【Objective】To investigate the impact of surface surcharge on the settlement of adjacent tunnels, 【Method】a two-stage analysis method was adopted. In the first stage, the Boussinesq solution calculates the vertical additional force exerted on nearby subway tunnels due to surface surcharge. In the second stage, the subway tunnel is modeled as an Euler beam supported on the Pasternak foundation, simplifying the structural representation. Utilizing the Rayleigh Ritz method, functional expressions for each system component are formulated, leading to the establishment of the total energy equation. The control equation is subsequently solved through the application of the variational principle. 【Result】The obtained results are compared to measured data to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research explores the impact of offset distance (d), tunnel burial depth (z), surcharge (p), and surcharge range (B and L) on settlement. 【Conclusion】The research findings indicate a significant impact on settlement within the range of (0.5-1) L directly below and on both sides of the surcharge; As d increases, the maximum settlement of the tunnel gradually decreases; There is a linear relationship between p and wmax and the larger the pile surcharge, the greater the maximum settlement; Increasing L and B initially leads to gradual settlement increase, followed by stabilization. L exerts a greater influence on wmax compared to B.