【Object】In order to explore the vibration characteristics of high-speed train gearbox housing under the coupling excitation of wheel polygon and rail corrugation.【Method】The rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of wheelset, gearbox housing and track was established. Three vibration acceleration sensors were arranged in the gearbox housing, and dynamic simulation was carried out under different working conditions to analyze the vibration acceleration of each measuring point of gearbox housing.【Result】Under the wheel-rail coupling excitation, at the same speed, when the wheel polygon is 23 order and the amplitude is 0.01 mm, the root mean square value of the vibration acceleration of each measuring point is the largest, and the wheel polygon has the greatest influence on the measuring point B in the three measuring points. Under the excitation of rail corrugation, the root mean square value of vibration acceleration of measuring point B is the largest among the three measuring points under the combined action of harmonic torque of traction motor and gear meshing. The root mean square value of vibration acceleration of measuring points A and C increases with the increase of amplitude. Compared with the wheel-rail coupling excitation with broad spectrum, the vibration frequency caused by wheel-rail excitation is close to the fifth order natural frequency of the gearbox housing, which induces resonance.【Conclusion】The resonance can be avoided by changing the speed of the train or changing the structure of the gearbox. This study provides a reference for the design of the gearbox structure.