Based on complex network theory, the route networks of the three major airline alliances (Star Alliance, SkyTeam, Oneworld) are taken as the research object. The topological characteristics and robustness of the three alliance networks are compared and analyzed. The results include the following points: the route network of Star Alliance radiates the largest number of airport nodes and has the largest average degree; the three major alliance networks all have scale-free features and small-world network effects; the robustness of the three alliance networks is better under random attacks, while weaker under deliberate attacks; under both deliberate attacks and random attacks, the robustness of Star Alliance network is the best, followed by SkyTeam and Oneworld. This provides a theoretical basis for the research of optimization design of alliance route network.