The effective identification and scientific decomposition of the driving factors are important foundation for formulating the airport’s aircraft carbon emission reduction policies. Taking nine civil airports in Jiangsu Province as the research objects, the total carbon emissions of aircrafts in the airports from 2007 to 2016 were calculated by using the landing and take-off (LTO) cycle calculation method recommended by ICAO; then the LMDI method was used to analyze the driving factors of the evolution of airfield aircraft carbon emissions from five perspectives including airport operation scale, emission intensity, unit revenue throughput, unit energy consumption income and unit LTO energy consumption. Finally, based on the results of factor decomposition, suggestions for reducing emissions were put forward.