Rolling elements slippage aggravates the wear and bearing vibration, which has an important impact on the life and stability of high-speed train axle box bearings. In this paper, with the double-row cylindrical roller bearing of high-speed train as the object of study, considering the factors such as pocket clearance and radial clearance, a two-dimensional finite element model of the bearing was established. The model’s explicit dynamics was solved by central difference method, and the slippage characteristics of roller elements under steady conditions, deceleration conditions and track excitation conditions were analyzed. The results show that the RMS value of the sliding speed between the rolling elements and the outer ring is lager under stable conditions and track excitation conditions; the RMS value of the sliding speed between the rolling elements and the inner ring is larger under the deceleration conditions, and the increase is more obvious as the deceleration increases.