Two-dimensional (2D) metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets are attracting increasing research attention due to their unique properties originating from their ultrathin thickness, large lateral size and specific surface area presents the low resistance and high throughput in the process of material transport and high catalytic activity in comparison with 3D MOF. In this review, two kinds of synthesis methods of 2D MOF, such as top-down and bottom-up, were summarized, respectively. In addition, it is found that the excellent performance of 2D MOF is related to topology network structure, and different structures exhibit different porositys and stabilitys. Then, the potential applications of 2D MOF nanosheets in catalysis, sensing and gas separation are discussed. Finally, we give our personal perspectives on the future development of 2D MOF nanosheets.