【Objective】In order to simplify the test process and improve the detection efficiency, a two-span continuous beam bridge in the actual project was taken as the research background, and the light load numerical analysis was carried out based on the moving vehicle, and the accuracy and feasibility of the evaluation method of the damaged bridge bearing capacity under vehicle-bridge coupling vibration were explored.【Method】The vehicle-bridge coupling vibration model was established, the deflection and strain dynamic time-history response of the control section of the bridge structure were extracted, the dynamic components were removed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the quasi-static response curve was identified, and the influence of bridge deck roughness and vehicle speed on the accuracy of the static response recognition was analyzed. The loading efficiency of different loading positions was calculated by the different responses of the control section during vehicle driving, and the standard check coefficient of the quasi-static response of the control section of the damaged bridge under light load efficiency was calculated by using the “Changding model”, and the bearing capacity of the damaged continuous beam bridge was evaluated.【Result】Compared with EMD, the quasi-static response curve of VMD decomposition is in better agreement with the static response curve. With the increase of bridge deck roughness and the moving speed of the loading vehicle, the error of the recognized quasi-static response and the static response also gradually increases. The quasi-static response identified during the loading process of the moving vehicle is relatively accurate and can be calculated as the measured value of static load. The calculated standard check factors are all greater than 1, which accurately evaluates the damage state of the bridge.【Conclusion】It is highly applicable and feasible to evaluate the bearing capacity of damaged bridges based on vehicle-bridge coupling vibration.