【Objective】To investigate the impact of surface surcharge on the settlement of adjacent tunnels,the longitudinal deformation of the tunnel is calculated and analyzed.【Method】A two-stage analysis method was adopted. In the first stage, the Boussinesq solution was used to calculate the vertical additional force exerted on nearby subway tunnels due to surface surcharge. In the second stage, the subway tunnel was modeled as an Euler beam supported by the Pasternak foundation, simplifying the structural representation. By utilizing the RayleighRitz method, functional expressions for each system component were formulated, leading to the establishment of the total energy equation. The control equation was subsequently solved through the application of the variational principle. The obtained results were compared to measured data to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the research explored the impact of offset distance d, tunnel burial depth z, surcharge p, and surcharge range B and L on settlement.【Result】The research findings indicate a significant impact on settlement within the range of (0.5~1)L directly below and on both sides of the surcharge. As d increases, the maximum settlement of the tunnel gradually decreases. There is a linear relationship between p and w_max and the larger the pile surcharge, the greater the maximum settlement is. Increasing L and B initially leads to gradual settlement increase, followed by stabilization. L exerts a greater influence on w_max compared to B.【Conclusion】The method can effectively calculate the longitudinal deformation of the tunnel caused by ground loading, and it is in good agreement with the measured data, which can determine the safety of the tunnel lining under ground loading.