Bedded rock is a common sedimentary rock type in underground engineering environment, and anchor support technology is generally used to strengthen bedded rock. In order to study its mechanical response under complex engineering stress environment, Yunnan red sandstone, marble glue, screw and epoxy resin were selected as raw materials and the test samples were made by cutting and bonding. Triaxial compression test was used to investigate the effects of different interface dip angles and confining pressures on the mechanical properties of anchored and unanchored stratified rocks. The results showed that the failure of the sample experienced pore compaction, linear elasticity, stable crack growth, unstable crack growth and post-peak failure, and its strength, deformation parameters and crack growth pattern were significantly affected by confining pressure. The increase of confining pressure can prolong the elastic deformation stage and improve the residual strength and ductility. The failure modes of specimens with different angles under confining pressure are split failure, tensile shear failure and pure shear failure. Confining pressure has a comprehensive enhancement effect on the mechanical properties of anchored and stratified rocks, which not only enhances the compressive strength and shear resistance of rocks, but also improves the post-peak ductility of rocks. This study provides strong support for further understanding of rock mechanical properties and engineering applications.