China and India are both countries of glorious civilizations with a history of thousands of years.They achieved glorious success in mathematics between 1000 BC-1000 AD.Many of their achievements were made several hundred years or even one thousand years earlier than in Europe.However,after the 12th century, due to alien invasions,mathematical research in India declined abruptly.Similarly,during the 14th century,China's mathematical studies reached a stagnation point right after a research climax was started.Having been constantly invaded by other nations in modern times,after years of endeavor,the two countries gained vitality in research on mathematics and entered a new era at the middle of 1900s.From an overall perspective,both are at the same level in this field with their own strong points.But both still keep a long distance to the international level.Currently,the two nations are striving on innovation and creation in mathematical science,expecting to build up a solid foundation for their ongoing rapid economic development.