The development of pre-grinding new rail in high-speed railway was researched by simulation of wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) crack and field test. The effect of pre-grinding, defects of rail and their growth characteristics were analyzed. The results show the pre-grinding rail with special designed profile can control wheel/rail contact location and width of contact band to get excellent wheel/rail interaction. The pre-grinding rail was mainly affected by wear which had linear growth trend with the accumulation of operation time. The distri- bution of wear around the railhead in high and low rails was -10°~ 60° and ±10°respectively. After about 1 year operation, the special profile of high rail was changed by wear which deteriorated the wheel/rail contact condition and caused two-point contact in the high rail. It is recommended the preventive grinding interval is 1~1.5 years.