In order to study the effect of replacement ratios on compressive strength of recycled ceramic coarse aggregate concrete. 10 groups of recycled ceramic coarse aggregate concrete test blocks with different replacement ratios and 1 group of ordinary concrete comparison test blocks were made. Uniaxial compression tests were performed on the test blocks after curing for 7 d and 28 d respectively. The failure process and phenomena of the specimens with different replacement ratios were compared and analyzed. The effects of different replacement ratios on compressive strength and peak strain of concrete were studied. The calculation method of 7 d and 28 d compressive strength of recycled ceramic coarse aggregate concrete was put forward. The research results show that the compressive strength of recycled ceramic coarse aggregate concrete decreases with the increase of the replacement ratio, and the peak strain first decreases and then increases with the increase of the replacement ratio. When the replacement ratio is 40%, the peak strain is the smallest.