【Objective】To address the lack of a comprehensive evaluation system for the optimization of equivalent conicity schemes for high-speed train wheel-rail interaction, a method based on an improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is proposed.【Method】Fourteen evaluation indicators were selected based on key dynamic factors influencing equivalent conicity and used to construct an indicator decomposition model. The improved three-scale fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was applied to determine the indicator weights. Three equivalent conicity models were established in the dynamic simulation software Simpack, with baseline indicator values computed and dimensionless normalization performed. A fuzzy evaluation membership matrix was constructed to develop a fuzzy theoretical evaluation system, and the comprehensive scores of the three schemes were obtained.【Result】The scores for the three equivalent conicity schemes are as follows: Scheme M1 scored 26.2%, outperforming Scheme M2 (17.9% ) and Scheme M3 (16.2% ), making M1 the optimal choice. Dynamic simulation comparisons between two significantly different schemes further validate the consistency of the evaluation system's conclusions with the simulation results, confirming the reliability of the proposed method.【Conclusion】 The proposed method effectively evaluates equivalent conicity schemes for high-speed trains and provides a scientific basis for optimizing scheme selection.