【Objective】To investigate the dynamic response of reinforced concrete columns under impact, 【Method】relying on the two-degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper model and combining with the OPENSEES computing platform, on the basis of clarifying the equivalent resistance-displacement curve of reinforced concrete columns, a simplified impact analysis method for reinforced concrete columns integrating material nonlinearity and impact strain rate effects is proposed. By comparing with the drop hammer impact test of reinforced concrete columns, the validity of the proposed two-degree-of-freedom simplified analysis method is verified. On this basis, the impacts of sensitive parameters like impact velocity, impact mass, axial compression ratio and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the drop hammer impact response of reinforced concrete columns are explored. 【Result】The results showed that the peak impact force calculated by the proposed simplified analysis method has a deviation of approximately 4.30% from the test value, and the deviation of the peak displacement at mid-span is approximately 2.16%. With the increase of the impact velocity and impact mass, the peak impact force and the peak displacement at the mid-span of the column gradually increased, but the increase of the impact velocity and impact mass would lead to a delayed characteristic of the peak displacement at the mid-span of the column. With the increase of the axial compression ratio and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the peak impact force of the column gradually increased, while the peak displacement at the mid-span showed a gradually decreasing trend. Moreover, the change of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio had a significantly greater influence on the secondary impact in the impact force time history curve than the change of the axial compression ratio. 【Conclusion】The proposed simplified analysis method can accurately predict the impact dynamic response of reinforced concrete columns