Prefabricated pavement technology, as an efficient and environmentally friendly method for road construction, has gained widespread attention globally in recent years. Despite significant research achievements, a comprehensive summary and synthesis were still lacking. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of prefabricated pavement technology from three key perspectives: pavement structural design theory, material selection, and construction techniques. Firstly, based on different fundamental theoretical models, the paper analyzes the factors influencing the mechanical response of precast slabs, fatigue verification equations, and design parameters, summarizing the structural design methods for prefabricated pavements. Secondly, the impact of novel materials on the mechanical properties and durability of pavements is summarized from the aspects of leveling layers, precast slabs, and joint materials. Finally, the paper systematically elaborates on the construction processes of prefabricated pavements, including the construction methods of leveling layers, lifting and connecting techniques for pavement panels, and joint treatment technologies. Additionally, the paper proposes suggestions for future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for the appli-cation and promotion of prefabricated pavement technology.