To study the reinforcement effect of steel plate thickness and anchor strength on the joint of shield tunnel, this study used Abaqus finite element software to establish left and right half standard block pipe joint models with an inner diameter of 5.4 m and an outer diameter of 6.0 m. Based on a load structure calculation model, the mechanical properties of subway tunnel segment joints reinforced with steel plates and adhesive were studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of the segment joint after reinforcement are affected by the concrete matrix, steel plate and anchor bolt. The use of 10 mm thick steel plate can increase the stiffness of the joint by 40%. When the thickness of the steel plate is in the range of 20~30 mm, the bending moment of the structure increases with the increase of the external load. When the thickness of the steel plate exceeds 20 mm, the damage mode of the structure does not change much, and the stress of the steel plate is mainly concentrated in the bearing area away from the joint surface. In addition, when the number of anchor bolts is fixed, the increase of diameter can effectively improve the cooperative force of segment joints after reinforcement. Due to the limitation of concrete strength in the compression zone, the effectiveness of further increasing the steel plate thickness diminishes, resulting in a decreasing rate of improvement in joint stiffness. The thickness of 10~20 mm steel plate is the best. This study can provide theoretical support for the design of segmental segments reinforced by steel ring lining.