Please refer to the Manuscript Template of Journal of East China Jiaotong University for formatting requirements. 

Authors are required to structure the abstract and introduction in a modular format. For details, see: How to Write the Abstract and Introduction. 

References must be compiled strictly in accordance with the Citation Rules. For detailed instructions, refer to: Reference Format.

Note: Conference papers should be avoided in the references as much as possible. If citation is necessary, please ensure the format complies with national standards. 

For other requirements, see: Manuscript Guidelines.